![]() Fluorescent compounds should be protected from light for long term storage. Storage conditions can be found on the product information sheet or product safety and data sheet, material safety data sheet, and on the product label. However, the majority of these products are highly stable for many years, as long as they are stored as recommended. If you have an older conjugate in storage that you wish to use, we recommend performing a small scale positive control experiment to confirm that the product still works for your application before processing a large number of samples or precious samples.įor lyophilized antibodies, we recommend reconstituting the antibody with glycerol and antimicrobial preservative like sodium azide for the longest shelf life (note that sodium azide is not compatible with HRP-conjugates).īiotium guarantees the stability of chemicals, dyes, and gel stains for at least a year from the date you receive the product. Antibodies and other conjugates often are functional for significantly longer than the guaranteed shelf life. The guaranteed shelf life from date of receipt for antibodies and conjugates is listed on the product information sheet. If you have an older kit in storage that you wish to use, we recommend performing a small scale positive control experiment to confirm that the kit still works for your application before processing a large number of samples or precious samples. Kits often are functional for significantly longer than the guaranteed shelf life. Some kits have an expiration date printed on the kit box label, this is the guaranteed shelf life date calculated from the day that the product shipped from our facility. All the ladder proteins can be stained using dyes such as Coomassie Blue and are also directly detectable in Western blots through the incorporation of immunoglobulin antibody binding domains.The guaranteed shelf life from date of receipt for bioscience kits is listed on the product information sheet. This customization is easy to accomplish with the Penn State Protein Ladder system”įor even more efficient production, the ladders are also available as two coexpression vectors that produce either the set of 10, 30, 50, 100 kD proteins or the set of 20, 40, 60, 80 kD proteins. “They might not need the entire set, or they might want to individually control the intensity of bands produced on a gel. “Researchers can pick and choose amongst the nine individual proteins to design a ladder optimized for their research project,” said Tan. 50 milliliters (ml) of cells produce enough of each individual protein for 20,000 experiments. coli cells containing the plasmids and then purify the proteins using a common affinity tag designed into each protein. Using standard laboratory protocols, researchers can grow E. Each protein is encoded on an individual plasmid-a circular form of DNA-that is expressed at very high levels in the bacteria E. The Penn State Protein Ladder is composed of nine proteins that range in molecular weight from 10 to 100 kilodaltons (kD). “Our Penn State Protein Ladders can be easily made for a tiny fraction of that cost using source material that we make available to nonprofit academic researchers through the Addgene and DNASU plasmid repositories.” “Any lab working with proteins uses these ladders on a daily basis and the cost for commercially available ladders adds up-averaging about $1.00 per experiment,” said Tan. Protein ladders are molecular rulers for estimating the sizes of proteins separated by gel electrophoresis. “It has been exciting and rewarding to develop this project from just an idea to tools that can serve science,” said Williamson. Fleischman, all of whom were Penn State undergraduate students. Williamson III, Yoshitaka Shibata, Rosalie P. ![]() Willaman Professor of Molecular Biology at Penn State, developed the ladders to be easily used in two of the most common experiments-SDS-PAGE and Western blots-in protein research.Ī paper describing the research appears Augin the journal Scientific Reports. Labs can easily make their own protein ladders for less than a penny per experiment using the newly developed, license-free “Penn State Protein Ladder system.” A research team of undergraduate students led by Song Tan, Verne M. ![]()
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